SAFETY FIRST

Safety is situation or condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt, and injury. The complete mean is being "safe", the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accident, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions.

In shipyard many metal plate, pipe, gas, crane, hight voltage current, and many big power equipment. Workers will be around those materials. Every day they will face the dangerous situation. That is the way shipyard must have one department to handle this situation. We can avoid the accident if it the destiny, but we can to change it to minimize the caution of the situation that can make injury or damage.

One principal that we have to remember is safety first. Before start to work, look around and make the condition safe from everything that can make dangerous. Remember!!! Safety is your self. Hope that condition same well with before.

It is important that companies understand the risks involved for work in confined spaces and the measures needed to ensure that work is planned and implemented properly. Workers must also be properly briefed on how they can work safely.

The employees of some shipyard are the most important assets to shipyard business. A proactive approach to Safety with quality training and briefing will ensure that employees and business are safer from the dangers of everything. It must take for regularly training and briefing. Generally, the new worker must get the safety briefing from safety officer before start work. After that the company must give the main safety equipment like helmet, safety shoes, goggle , ear plug, and overall .

All the shipyard safety officer, or project supervisor will conduct their own safety checks and briefing at the beginning of the day before carrying out any operations/work. Extra caution are given to special projects which maybe more dangerous.

Safety wise, i am sure workers are to be with helmets, safety shoes and all the equipments whether they are in yards or the terminal port.

Safety is always a number one in the shipyard because anything can happen. Being a new entrant doesn't mean that the importance of safety is not there, sometimes accidents do happen and its often beyond our control.

WATCH OUT MAN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Actually, The type of damage and injury that we can find in shipyard are explode some explosive thing, burned, poisoning of gas, radiation and fall down from the hight place. There are many procedure to make all of the damage under control. And many equipment must be stoked in shipyard to handle of safety situation, one of them is fire extinguished.

There are two main types of fire extinguishers: Stored pressure and generated pressure. In stored pressure units, the expellant is stored in the same chamber as the firefighting agent itself. Depending on the agent used, different propellants are used. With dry chemical extinguishers, nitrogen is typically used; water and foam are pressurized with air. Stored pressure are the most common type fire extinguishers. Generated pressure, or cartridge-operated extinguishers, contain the expellant gas in a separate cartridge that is punctured prior to discharge, exposing the propellant to the agent. These types as are not common, used primarily in areas such as industrial facilities, where they receive higher-than-average use. They have the advantage of simple and prompt recharge, allowing an operator to discharge the extinguisher, recharge it, and return to the fire in an reasonable amount of time. Unlike stored pressure types, these extinguishers utilize compressed CO₂ instead of nitrogen.

Fire extinguishers are further divided into handheld and cart-mounted, also called wheeled extinguishers. Handheld extinguishers weight from 2 to 30 pounds (1 to 14 kilograms), and are hence easily portable by hand. Handheld extinguishers exist in both stored- and generated-pressure types and contain all types of suppressants. Cart-mounted units typically weigh 50+ pounds (23+ kilograms), are almost always cartridge-operated, and typically contain either dry chemical, foam, or CO₂. (wikipedia)

Types of extinguishing agents

Dry Chemical (lyophobic colloid)

Powder based agent that extinguishes by separating the four parts of the fire tetrahedron It prevents the chemical reaction between heat, fuel and oxygen, thus extinguishing the fire.

• Monoammonium phosphate also known as ABC dry chemical, used on class A, B, and C fires. It receives its class A rating from the agents ability to melt and flow at 177 °C (350 °F) to smother the fire. More corrosive than other dry chemical agents.
• Sodium bicarbonate used on class B and C fires. Interrupts the fire's chemical reaction.
• Potasium bicarbonate (aka Purple-K), used on class B and C fires. About two times as effective on class B fires as sodium bicarbonate. The preferred dry chemical agent of the oil and gas industry. The only dry chemical agent certified for use in AR-FF by the NFPA.
• Urea complex and Potasium bicarbonate (aka Monnex), used on Class B and C fires. More effective than all other powders due to its ability to decrepitate (where the powder breaks up into smaller particles) in the flame zone creating a larger surface area for free radical inhibition.

Foams (lyophilic colloid)

Applied to fuel fires as either an aspirated (mixed & expanded with air in a branch pipe) or non aspirated form to form a frothy blanket or seal over the fuel, preventing oxygen reaching it. Unlike powder, foam can be used to progressively extinguish fires without flashback.

• AFFF (aqueous film forming foam), used on A and B fires and for vapor suppression. The most common type in portable extinguishers. It contains flour tensides which can be accumulated in human body.
• AR-AFFF(Alcohol-resistant aqueous film forming foams), used on fuel fires containing alcohol. Forms a membrane between the fuel and the foam preventing the alcohol from breaking down the foam blanket.
• FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein) contains naturally occurring proteins from animal fats to create a foam blanket that is more heat resistant then the synthetic AFFF foams.
• CAFS compressed air foam system) Any APW style extinguisher that is charged with a foam solution and pressurized with compressed air. Generally used to extend a water supply in wildland operations. Used on class A fires and with very dry foam on class B for vapor suppression.
• Arctic fire Is a liquid fire extinguishing agent that emulsifies and cools heated materials quicker than water or ordinary foam. It is used extensively in the steel industry. Effective on classes A, B, and D.
• FireAde a foaming agent that emulsifies burning liquids and renders them non-flammable. It is able to cool heated material and surfaces similar to CAFS. Used on A and B (said to be effective on some class D hazards, although not recommended due to the fact that fireade still contains amounts of water which will react with some metal fires).

Water

Cools burning material.

• APW (Air pressurized water) cools burning material by absorbing heat from burning material. Effective on only Class A fires, but has the advantage of being inexpensive, harmless, and relatively easy to clean up.
• Water Mist uses a fine misting nozzle to break up a stream of deionized water to the point of not conducting electricity back to the operator. Class A and C rated. Used widely in hospitals for the reason that unlike other clean-agent suppressants, it is harmless and non-contaminant.

Water Additives

• Wet Chemical (potassium acetate) extinguishes the fire by forming a soapy foam blanket over the burning oil (saponification) and by cooling the oil below its ignition temperature. Generally class A and K (F in Europe) only.
• Wetting agent Detergent based additives used to break the surface tension of water and improve penetration of Class A fires. Enables a 3 liter water extinguisher to achieve the fire fighting capacity of a 9 liter plain water type.

Fire extinguishers


To protect our eyes from damage, we will need goggle, to protect us from falling down we will need safety belt, to protect our ears from hight sound we need earplug. To protect our hand from burned, hot and injury we will need glove.

Thank you for your attention while reading my posting. I hope that you can satisfied with my posting here, understand it, and make your planning to prepare everything to take a vacancy in shipyard. I hope i can see you there.

Shipyard terminolgy

For a new worker in shipyard will find many terminology that maybe new for him. In this posting i would like to tell you about terminology you will find in shipyard.

1. Aft ==> Toward, at, or near stern
   
2. After Peak ==> ThePart in the narrow of the stern, aft of the last water-tight bulkhead.
   
3. Forward ==> Near, at, or toward, the bow of the ship
4. Port ==> Harbor; or opening in the side of a ship. The left hand side of a ship ( looking toward the bow.) Originally called larboard.
5. Starboard ==> The right hand side of a ship, looking forward
6. Bottom ==> The lowest part of ship.
7. Deck ==> A part of a ship corresponding to the floor of a building
   
8. Bulkhead ==> A vertical partition corresponding to the wall of a room, extending either athwart ships or fore and aft. A steel partition in a ship.
9. Frames ==> Ribs forming the skeleton of a ship
10. Web ==> Portion of a beam, the athwart ship portion of a frame, etc.
11. Girder ==> Fore and aft stiffening member for deck or bottom shell
12. Transom ==> The main frame at the rudder stock (cant frames usually radiate from the transom frame). The very last (most aft) plate on a welded vessel
13. Tank Top ==> The plating over the double bottom
14. Strong Back ==> A supporting girder for a hatch cover; a rig used in straightening bent plates; a bar for locking cargo ports.
15. Stringer ==> A fore and aft member used to give longitudinal strength. Depending on location, these are called hold stringers, bilge stringers,side stringers, etc.
16. Stiffener ==> An angle bar, T-bar, channel, etc., used to stiffen plating of a bulkhead or other member.
17. Stern ==> The after or back end of a vessel
18. Staging ==> Planks or scaffolding on which to stand when working on sides or under
    decks.
19. Bevel ==> The angle between the flanges of a frame or other member.(When greater than a right angle, open bevel; when less, closed.) Also,to chamfer.
20. Bilge==> A fore and aft member fitted to the outside of the shell plating along the bilge, to prevent excessive rolling of the ship.
    
21. Bow ==> The forward end of a vessel. (Usually the pointed end.)
22. Bracket ==> A triangular plate used to connect rigidly two or more parts, such as a deck beam to a frame, a frame to a margin plate, etc.
23. Bulwark ==> The ship's side above the weather deck.
24. Chain Locker ==> A compartment in the forward portion of ship in which anchor chain is stowed.
25. Collar ==> A flanged band or ring. A welded plate used to close a frame or beam penetration through plating.
26. Deck-House ==> A shelter built on deck.
27. Double bottom ==> Compartments at bottom of ship between inner and outer bottoms, used for ballast tanks, water, fuel,oil, etc.
28. Flange ==> A part of a plate or shape at, or nearly at, right angles to main port; to bend over to form an angle.
    
29. Gangway ==> A passageway, a ladder, or other means of boarding a ship.
30. Hull ==> The body of a ship, including shell plating, framing, decks,bulkheads.
31. Keel==> The principal fore and aft member of a ship's frame. The keel runs along the bottom, connecting the stem and stern, and to it are attached the frames of the ship.
32. Lap==> A joint in which one part overlaps the other, thus avoiding the use of a butt strap; also, the amount of overlap.
33. Longitudinal ==> A shell, deck, or bulkhead stiffener running fore and aft.
34. Manhole ==> A hole cut in a bulkhead, tank top, etc., to allow the passage of a man.
35. Mold Loft ==> A shed or building with large, smooth floor on which the lines of a ship can be drawn to full scale.
    
36. Mould or Mold ==> A light pattern of a part of a ship usually made of thin wood or paper. Also called a template.
    
37. Pillar ==> A vertical member or column which provides support to a deck girder. (Also termed a stanchion.).
38. Loftsman ==> workman in the mold loft, who lays down ship lines and makes templates.
39. Sea Chest ==> A compartment through which sea water is admitted or discharged.
40. Seam ==> A riveted or welded plate edge connection. A riveted seam overlaps; welded seam may or may not overlap
41. Template ==> A mold or pattern. Sometimes made of plywood or paper.
42. Shell Expansion ==> A plan showing details of all shell plating and shell longitudinals. (Longitudinals would appear only on tankers)
43. Welding ==> Fusing together two or more members with electric arc or by other means.
44. Wheel ==> Nickname for propeller; steering gear control.
45. Winch ==> A small hoisting device; used in pulling lines or cables in handling cargo. Can be hand, air motor, electric, steam, engine, etc...powered
46. Sheer ==> Curvature of deck in a fore and aft direction as seen in profile.
47. Seam ==> A riveted or welded plate edge connection. A riveted seam overlaps; welded seam may or may not overlap.
48. Hatch ==> An opening in a deck for passage of cargo, etc
49. Floor ==>The lower portion of a transverse frame, usually a vertical plate extending from center line to bilge, and from inner to outer bottom.
    
50. Forecastle ==>The forward upper portion of the hull, sometimes used for the crew's quarters.
51. Launching ==>The operation of placing a hull in the water by allowing it to slide down on greased skids, called launching ways.
    
    
    This terminology is always find in shipyard. Actually a loftsman or marker really need must to know about this terminology. But, if you are in shipyard will need a few month to familiar with this terminology. Don't worry you can do something because you always do.

Shipbuilding Industry Job Description, Career as a Shipbuilding Industry, Salary, Employment - Definition and Nature of the Industry, Education and Training Requirements, Getting the Job

LINES PLAN

Lines plan is the base shape of the new ship that will be built. Generally the lines plan showing in three views. They are body lines, profile lines as buttock lines and plan view lines as water lines. To translate the lines plan into mould surface , we need a base line and center line.

From center line , the line will developed to buttock lines that slice the ship from bow to stern. Buttock lines are shown in profile line. Line spacing usually 500 mm or 0,5 m. For support vessel it usually divide to 16 lines, from center line to 8 meters. But it depend on ships type.

From base line , they will develop to water lines that slice ships from left to right side of the ship. we can show them in the plan view of line.

to understand this term , lets we see the drawing bellow:



Lines plan drawing must be follow with Offset table that contain all points of the lines.
They arranged by x,y,z axis. The engineering must prepare this offset table before give drawing to lofter or marker.

One thing that we have to remember is lines plan prepared for half ship. Efficient for time and location of lofting shop.

Marking the lines plan, we have to give more attention for shape of the lines. Sometimes point in offset table are not fix and smooth. An important thing that we have to remember is the shape of lines must. They must be ensure to be fair. Fairness does not have a mathematical definition, but can include smoothness, continuity of curvature. Fairness must often be ensured in 3 dimensions. Maybe it took for a few times to check just for one frame line, water line or buttock lines.

For this moment that is all that i can show to all my visitors. I hope this posting can give satisfaction to you who want to now about lines plan. Maybe i will prepare the subject about lines plan in the next posting.

especially to my senior that have read my posting and explanation about lines plan, with sincerity could give critic and advise that can give advantage for us as a Lofter.

For attention i said thanks.

What is a lofter

Ships are complex structures. They are the largest structures. Many kinds of workers are employed in the shipbuilding industry. Professional workers such as engineers, designers, and technicians provide the design for a ship's hull. They draw up plans for a safe ship that will move easily and economically through the water. They also plan space for cargo, living quarters, and machinery. A related group of workers, marine engineers, concentrates on designing the machinery that will run a ship. Drafters prepare detailed drawings that give exact measurements and specifications for all the ship's parts. If the plans have been drawn up, they must be translated into the actual parts of the ship.

To continue this job , shipyard will need a lofter worker. In Indonesia and Malaysia lofter usually called as 'Marker'. Loftsman or Marker do this job and make life-sized patterns of each part of the ship to be built. They work in a huge room known as a Mould loft. In most large shipyards, a more modern method called optical marking is used instead of lofting. In optical marking, small-scale drawings of the ship are photographed. How ever, nevertheless the shipyard use the modern method, a loftsman or marker , they will stand for good and always needed.

In this page, i want to tell to my page visitor about loftsman. Generally, In shipyard the worker will familiar with a loftsmman or marker. Loftsman or marker have the strategic position in shipyard, because he is the first worker to start make the lines plan as basic of structure of the shipbuilding.

Lofter must understand about mathematic at least basic mathematic, have to known about
The Pythagorean Theorem. Generally they also need the calculator. measuring tools, like measuring tape , right angle squares, rule, string and string box, and other.

The duty of a loftsman in shipyard is translate the lines plan, to the lofting shop. Body plan is the important part to prepare, because they will use to make the shell plate and template for fairing the shell plate. And continue with the profile and plan view of the line. They will prepare with buttock lines, water lines and spacing of the frame in profile lines.

After this job is complete, the Lofter must be translate the mid section of the ship to the body line , profile lines or plan view lines. The lines will developed by the lofter according to the drawing of the ship.

All of the lines must be determined from the base line and center of line. This point is important to develop the line.

Maybe a long this job, Loftsman will find the problem of the construction of the ship, this problem must be solve with engineering. Sometimes lofter need to communicate with fitter or foreman fitter, and also with the supervisor of the ship project. Communication is always need in this proses. It will make the good 'Team Work''.

Loftsman also need to solve some problem in yard, sometimes he make his own mistake, and sometime it come from the fitter, so he must find the way to solve this problem, always need communicate with engineer and supervisor.

It's possible for Loftsman or marker to run his own business in shipyard as a sub-con that find a investor who has money to finance his business for a shipyard industry. And until now some of them have made it. But some find the blind way also. However, the lofter always continue his life with lines until his hairs are white.

Team Work Diside Sucessfull of the Project

My project today is in Terengganu Malaysia, Mset sdn. Bhd. with a sub contractor Mega West Sdn.Bhd. The team were requered from Batam Indonesia. The project started in January, and is June, so i have work here about 6 month. I found so many different between Batam and Malaysia especially Terengganu. there are only two shipyards here. Mset sdn.Bhd. Pulau Duyong and Mset. Sdn.Bhd. Pulau Kambing.

I work here with manually system different with Batam that have used like the modern system. No CNC machine , No Bending machine, all the work we do with manually. I am as a lofter, In Batam people say is Marker. I have to translate drawing into the full size, and i work in lofting shop. I have 4 member here as a lofter. 2 lofter and 2 asst. lofter.

The success of job is depend on team, foreman fitter, foreman welder and lofter. Between those person have to work as a team that called teamwork. If we don't to follow this proses the project may get many problem and many repair. Management is hold the important thing in this case.
Many project will get delay because of management is not prepare as well as they can. No plan, no schedule, and no team work.

I have got 8 years experiment in shipyard as a lofter, that i started from helper, continuously was an asst. lofter and lofter. But until now I always to learn about lofting. try to learn computer, like AutoCad program, excel, and others.

Here is my collection of project in malaysia. I beg your pardon if my video clip is not in the right position.

GET SKILL IN SHIPYARD

History Of Ship Development

Along the middle ages to the modern ages, ship continuously make development. In the past there was no such thing as an exploration model of ship. Captains with their experience and knowledge had to acquire whatever they could get their hands on. Ships exploration had continuously developed to be larger, stronger and faster

How ever, nowadays ships are built bigger and equipped by many equipment that can used as maximal. The equipment can be a machine, navigation, and many others that match with this ages.

Boats and ships remain essential tools for international trade, domectic trade and security cultural purposes of the country.

The progression from a word of isolated communities to an integral global community was made possible by shipping and sea trade. The idea of shipping as the catalyst of economic development is not new. Adam smith, often regard as the father of modern economic, saw shipping as one of the stepping stone to economic growth.

Based of the idea, until this day we cannot count ships has build and repair in every country , urope, asia, middle east and so on. So many people has work at the place that called shipyard.

About Shipyard

Generally, shipyards have on-shore facilities such as electrical and machine work, carpentry, steel fabrication, pipe-fitting, painting, and sand blasting. The activities are in workshop and yard, depend on the management of the shipyard. Painting and sandblasting are conducted outdoors. Shipyards also have the store for keep the equipment of the activity.

In Shipyard, workers build and repair such vessels, and various specialties ranging from architecture and engineering lofting, fitting, welding, painting, electrical work, plumbing, carpentry,

In shipyard, many kind of ships are built. It builds tankers, container ships, icebreakers, submarines, barges, and tugboats. Besides building ships, shipbuilders outfit ships and repair them. Until now there are many people that cannot count works as a workers employed in shipbuilding and repairing.

Many kinds of workers are employed in the shipyard industry. Professional workers include many kinds of engineers, designers, and technicians. Nautical architects provide the design for a ship's hull. They draw up plans for a safe ship that will move easily and economically through the water. They also plan space for cargo, living quarters, and machinery. A related group of workers, marine engineers, concentrates on designing the machinery that will run a ship. Drafters prepare detailed drawings that give exact measurements and specifications for all the ship's parts.

Once the plans have been drawn up, they must be translated into the actual parts of the ship. In some smaller shipyards, loft workers make life-sized patterns of each part of the ship to be built. They work in a huge room known as a loft. Fitters are one of the largest groups of workers in the shipbuilding industry. They have a duty to fit the part of shipbuilding assembly. To cut the material such a plate and fit up them , then check to see that each section has been put in its place correctly. Welders and other metalworkers do the final fastening of all the parts. Welding is important in shipbuilding because most ships are joined together by welding rather than by riveting. Seams and joints are made watertight by caulkers.

Before the structure of a ship is completed, many job like piping, painting, blasting must follow the schedule. After finish inspection by QC and approve by owner , the ship is ready to lunch.



Get Skill In Shipyard


In Indonesia , especially in Batam Island, many people said that work in shipyard is the destiny, cause every day they look and see the employee of some shipyard back home with the dirty uniform, black skin, small salary and many negative thinking.
But in the fact, so many people in there work in shipyard include of me. Many of them earn money that can guaranty their life, wife and sons.

Actually, earnings vary widely depending on the skills and kind of work done. Those who work in dangerous, cramped, wet, or oily places often receive a higher rate, as do workers with special skills such as lofter or marker and crane operators. Salaries of professional workers generally reflect the level of experience they have within their respective field. Benefits generally include paid holidays and vacations, health insurance, and retirement plans depend on the shipyard or sub contractor and government low.

So never avoid to work in shipyard, or you fell not free to work there. so many skills that can make you earn in good salary.

Turning Block Assembly

This image describe about turning proses. After the fabricate of an assembly block, crane operators and rigger will prepare to turning the block. this proses have to get the permit from safety officer. Because, this proses contain the dangerous consequence about person life. It's must be ensure that fit and weld of eye lug secure. Generally QC take a part to make few test of weld. Then about position of eye lug, must be certain correct. The Supervisor of this department must ensure that area easy for crane to move and run his job. Sling, hook must be prepare by rigger.

Crane hand signals are needed for a successful turning operation. The signalman must be familiar with proses of turning, know about methods of slinging crane wire sling. Due to the size and depth of the block, it is extremely important that hand signals are given correctly. When giving these signals, the signalman must be in clear view of the crane operator.

The signalman must know to judge the few seconds that elapse between the time the signal is given and the actual stopping . If allowance is not made for this, accidents may results.



Until now there were many accident in shipyard occur. Worker has give his life as non, the reason is no safety. So i said that safety is very important, safety first to avoid some accident that we can rewind it anymore.

All the shipyard project supervisior will conduct their own safety checks and briefing at the beginning of the day before carrying out any operations/work. Extra caution are given to special projects which maybe more dangerous.

Safety wise, make sure workers are to be with helmets, safety shoes and all the equipments whether they are in yards or the terminal port.

Safety is always a number one in the shipyard because anything can happen. Being a new entrant doesn't mean that the importance of safety is not there, sometimes accidents do happen and its often beyond our control.